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Purpose@#C5α receptor 1 (C5ΑR1) is associated with the development of various human cancers. However, whether it is involved in the development of hepatitis B virus (HBV)–related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poorly understood. We explored the expression, biological role, and associated mechanisms of C5AR1 in HBV-related hepatoma cells. @*Materials and Methods@#The expression of C5ΑR1 mediated by HBV and HBV core protein (HBc) was detected in hepatoma cells. The function of nuclear factor кB (NF-κB) pathway in HBc-induced C5AR1 expression was assessed. The roles of C5ΑR1 in the activation of intracellular signal pathways, the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, and the growth and migration of hepatoma cells mediated by HBc, were investigated. The effect of C5α in the development of HCC mediated by C5AR1 was also measured. @*Results@#C5ΑR1 expression was increased in HBV-positive hepatoma cells. Dependent on HBc, HBV enhanced the expression of C5ΑR1 at the mRNA and protein levels. Besides, HBc could promote C5ΑR1 expression via the NF-κB pathway. Based on the C5ΑR1, HBc facilitated the activation of JNK and ERK pathways and the expression and secretion of interleukin-6 in hepatoma cells. Furthermore, C5ΑR1 was responsible for enhancing the growth and migration of hepatoma cells mediated by HBc. Except these, C5α could promote the malignant development of HBc-positive HCC via C5AR1. @*Conclusion@#We provide new insight into the mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis mediated by HBc. C5ΑR1 has a significant role in the functional abnormality of hepatoma cells mediated by HBc, and might be utilized as a potential therapeutic target for HBV-related HCC.
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@#With the broad application of high-resolution computed tomography (CT) and high rates of early lung cancer screening, the number of patients diagnosed with synchronous multiple primary lung cancer (sMPLC) has been increasing. It becomes of great prominence to distinct sMPLC from intrapulmonary metastases in clinical practice. An increasing number of studies have developed high-throughput sequencing based genetic approaches to specify the molecular characteristics of sMPLC, which contributes to a better understanding of its tumorigenesis. The genetic profile of sMPLC also benefits its diagnosis, which mainly relies on its clinicopathological criteria. Here, we summarize the progresses on the diagnostic criteria for sMPLC, and also molecular features of sMPLC from the perspective of clonality analysis.
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@# Lung cancer is the most frequent cancer and the leading cause of cancer death all around the world. Anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapies have significantly improved the outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in recent years. However, the objective response rate in non-screened patients is only about 20%. It is very important to screen out the potential patients suitable for immunotherapy. Immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissue biopsies with PD-L1 antibodies can predict the therapeutic response to immunotherapy to some extent, but it still has some limitations. Recently some clinical studies have shown that PD-L1 expression in circulating tumor cells (CTC-PD-L1) is a potential independent biomarker and may provide important information for immunotherapy in NSCLC. This article will review technology for CTC-PD-L1 detection and the predictive value of CTC-PD-L1 for immunotherapy in NSCLC and review the latest clinical research progress.
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Purpose@#C5α receptor 1 (C5ΑR1) is associated with the development of various human cancers. However, whether it is involved in the development of hepatitis B virus (HBV)–related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poorly understood. We explored the expression, biological role, and associated mechanisms of C5AR1 in HBV-related hepatoma cells. @*Materials and Methods@#The expression of C5ΑR1 mediated by HBV and HBV core protein (HBc) was detected in hepatoma cells. The function of nuclear factor кB (NF-κB) pathway in HBc-induced C5AR1 expression was assessed. The roles of C5ΑR1 in the activation of intracellular signal pathways, the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, and the growth and migration of hepatoma cells mediated by HBc, were investigated. The effect of C5α in the development of HCC mediated by C5AR1 was also measured. @*Results@#C5ΑR1 expression was increased in HBV-positive hepatoma cells. Dependent on HBc, HBV enhanced the expression of C5ΑR1 at the mRNA and protein levels. Besides, HBc could promote C5ΑR1 expression via the NF-κB pathway. Based on the C5ΑR1, HBc facilitated the activation of JNK and ERK pathways and the expression and secretion of interleukin-6 in hepatoma cells. Furthermore, C5ΑR1 was responsible for enhancing the growth and migration of hepatoma cells mediated by HBc. Except these, C5α could promote the malignant development of HBc-positive HCC via C5AR1. @*Conclusion@#We provide new insight into the mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis mediated by HBc. C5ΑR1 has a significant role in the functional abnormality of hepatoma cells mediated by HBc, and might be utilized as a potential therapeutic target for HBV-related HCC.
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Objective To observe the differences in specific IgE of allergic diseases.Methods The allergens in 1 028 patients (including 606 cases of eczema/specific dermatitis,319 Cases of urticaria,103 cases of papular urticaria and prurigo) were detected by German Allergy Screen Immune mark method.Results There were statistically significant differences (P ＜ 0.05) in the positive rate of allergens among the four allergic diseases,including Penicillium notatum/ Piptocephalis/ aspergillus fumigatus/aspergillus niger/Alternaria (x2 =6.663),milk (x2 =10.320) and cashew nut (x2 =14.325);The common allergen in ＜ 1-year-old group was cat dander (22.75％),egg white (35.93％);The common allergen in 1 to 3 years old group was dog dander (22.17％),milk (61.82％) and crab (3.45％).The common allergen in ＞ 3-year-old group was dust mite (10.77％),cockroach (3.52％),Penicillium notatum/Piptocephalis/aspergillus fumigatus/aspergillus niger/Altemaria (21.32％),Short ragweed/artemisia/Humulus scandens/quinoa (14.73％).The positive rate of specific IgE against house dust in the third quarter was the highest (17.78％) and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =14.443,P =0.002).Among the statistically significant difference in the positive rate of specific IgE between eczema/atopic dermatitis in different age groups (x2 =10.204,P =0.006),the positive rate in the group of 1 to 3 years was the highest.Conclusions Different diseases,ages,and seasonal specific allergens are different,individualized treatment can be carried out according to disease types,ages and seasons.
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Objective@#To observe the differences in specific IgE of allergic diseases.@*Methods@#The allergens in 1 028 patients (including 606 cases of eczema/specific dermatitis, 319 Cases of urticaria, 103 cases of papular urticaria and prurigo) were detected by German Allergy Screen Immune mark method.@*Results@#There were statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in the positive rate of allergens among the four allergic diseases, including Penicillium notatum/ Piptocephalis/ aspergillus fumigatus/aspergillus niger/Alternaria (χ2=6.663), milk (χ2=10.320) and cashew nut (χ2=14.325); The common allergen in <1-year-old group was cat dander (22.75%), egg white (35.93%); The common allergen in 1 to 3 years old group was dog dander (22.17%), milk (61.82%) and crab (3.45%). The common allergen in>3-year-old group was dust mite (10.77%), cockroach (3.52%), Penicillium notatum/Piptocephalis/ aspergillus fumigatus/aspergillus niger/Alternaria (21.32%), Short ragweed/artemisia/Humulus scandens/quinoa (14.73%). The positive rate of specific IgE against house dust in the third quarter was the highest (17.78%) and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=14.443, P=0.002). Among the statistically significant difference in the positive rate of specific IgE between eczema/atopic dermatitis in different age groups (χ2=10.204, P=0.006), the positive rate in the group of 1 to 3 years was the highest.@*Conclusions@#Different diseases, ages, and seasonal specific allergens are different, individualized treatment can be carried out according to disease types, ages and seasons.
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Objective To find the sensitive parameters for evaluating the cerebral CT perfusion changes in patients before and after carotid endarterectomy(CEA).Methods Between November 2015 and April 2017,the data of 27 patients who underwent CEA and conducted CT perfusion(CTP) examination before and after the operation were analyzed retrospectively.The different perfusion parameters of the cerebral hemisphere in different areas were analyzed before and after the operation.Absolute perfusion parameters include:cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), mean transit time (MTT) and time to peak(TTP);relative perfusion parameters include:rCBV,rCBF,rMTT and rTTP;relative to brainstem perfusion parameters include:sCBV, sCBF, sMTT and sTTP.Paired sample t test (normal distribution of quantitative data) was used to analyze the parameters differences before and after the operation.Results The postoperative perfusion parameters of the operated side cerebral hemisphere compared with the preoperative:(1)The absolute perfusion parameters:the decreased of TTP in frontal lobe,anterior watershed region,middle cerebral artery territory and basal ganglia region[preoperative(22.4 ± 3.0)s,(23.0 ± 3.1)s, (23.2±2.2)s,(21.9±2.7)s,postoperative(20.1±2.4)s,(20.5±2.7)s,(20.7±2.8)s,(19.5±2.8)s]had statistical significance(t values were 2.437, 2.504, 2.882, 2.431, P<0.05).(2)The relative perfusion parameters:the decreased of rMTT in middle cerebral artery territory and basal ganglia region(preoperative 1.18±0.44,1.06± 0.22,postoperative 1.04±0.33,0.97±0.16)and the decreased of rTTP in middle cerebral artery territory and basal ganglia region(preoperative 1.07±0.15,1.04±0.05,postoperative 1.00±0.13,0.97±0.06)had statistical significance(t values were 2.235, 2.244, 2.245, 2.268, P<0.05).(3)The relative to brainstem perfusion parameters:the decreased of sCBV in middle cerebral artery territory(preoperative 1.08±0.16,postoperative 0.98 ± 0.15), the increased of sCBF in frontal lobe and middle cerebral artery territory(preoperative 1.07 ± 0.19, 1.00 ± 0.21,postoperative 1.17 ± 0.21, 1.09 ± 0.20),the decreased of sMTT in middle cerebral artery territory and basal ganglia region(preoperative 1.27±0.29,0.94±0.11,postoperative 1.05±0.05,0.86±0.10), the decreased sTTP in frontal lobe,anterior watershed region,middle cerebral artery territory and basal ganglia region(preoperative 1.05±0.05,1.07±0.06,1.10±0.08,1.02±0.03,postoperative 0.97±0.05,0.96± 0.06,0.98±0.07,0.95±0.01)had statistical significance(t values were 2.882,-2.995,-2.737,2.172,2.425, 2.249, 2.263, 2.806, 3.267, P<0.05). Conclusion CTP is significant to evaluate the changes of cerebral perfusion in patients who underwent CEA. The relative to brainstem parameters are more valuable than relative parameters and absolute parameters in judging the perfusion changes after CEA.
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Objective To explore the correlation of the timing of enteral nutrition (EN) and the prognosis of the patients with septic shock.Methods From December 2016 to August 2017,fifty-five patients with septic shock who received treatment in the ICU of Tongji University School of Medicine were selected in the study and randomly divided into two groups,28 cases in the early enteral nutrition (EEN) group and 27 cases in the delayed enteral nutrition (DEN) group.All the patients was treated with EN before and after 48 h at admission respectively.After 1 week of treatment,the nutrition indicators,clinical efficacy,complications and prognosis of the two groups were compared.Results The levels of ALB,PA and HB in EEN group after treatment were significantly increased,compared with those before treatment,and were superior to those in DEN group ((38.4±4.5) g/L vs.(34.6±3.8) g/L,(207.8±41.4) mg/Lvs.(180.6±47.6) mg/L,(119.2 ±18.3) g/Lvs.(110.7±14.2) g/L;t =3.39,2.26,1.99,P＜0.05).Compared with DEN group,the length of ICU stay,CRRT time,mechanical ventilation time of EEN group were significantly shortened ((6.4± 1.7) d vs.(9.8±2.4)d,(4.7±1.2) d vs.(7.9±2.5)d,(3.6±1.2)d vs.(6.4±1.8) d;t=6.16,6.32,7.09,P＜0.05).After treatment,the SOFA score,APACHE Ⅱ score and qSOFA score were significantly improved in both groups,and the improvement in EEN group was significantly better than that in DEN group((3.8±0.9)points vs.(5.1 ± 1.2) points,(12.2 ± 2.4) points vs.(15.1 ± 3.7) points,(87.4 ± 14.7) points vs.(77.4 ± 13.2) points),(t=4.53,3.46,4.31,P＜0.05).Conclusion The implementation of EEN in patients with septic shock can improve the nutritional status of the patients,alleviate the severity of the disease,reduce the incidence of complications and improve the prognosis.
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Objective To investigate the effect of EP4 gene silencing on the growth and migration of K1 cells. Methods K1 cells with stable knockdown of EP4 were constructed with lentiviral vector. QRT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of EP4 mRNA and protein in K1 cells. CCK8 assay and flow cytometry were employed to measure cell viability and apoptosis. Transwell assay was applied to detect cell migration. Results Compared with the negative control group,the mRNA and protein expression of EP4 were sig-nificantly decreased in K1 cells with stable knockdown of EP4. Furthermore,shRNA-mediated silencing of EP4 gene remarkably suppressed cell viability and induced apoptosis of K1 cells.The migration of K1 cells with knock-down of EP4 was decreased compared with the negative control group. Conclusions EP4 gene silencing can in-hibit growth and induce apoptosis of K1 cells.Downregulation of EP4 can significantly reduce migration of K1 cells.
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Objective To investigate the CT features of hepatic echinococcosis in children.Methods Clinical and CT data of 27 cases with hepatic echinococcosis confirmed by pathology and/or serology were retrospectively analyzed.Results Totally there were 26 cases of cystic echinococcosis and 1 case of alveolar echinococcosis.Ten cases were with simple hepatic echinococcosis and 17 cases with other organic echinococcosis,18 cases of intrahepatic single hydatid and 9 cases of intrahepatic multiple hydatid.A total of 1 alveolar lesion and 47 cystic lesions were found,including unilocular cyst accounted for 51.06％ (24/47),cysts with collapse of the internal capsule accounted for 42.55％ (20/47),cysts with wall calcification accounted for 4.26％ (2/47) and multiple cysts accounted for 2.13％ (1/47).There was no solid lesions.The cyst diameters which were larger than 5 cm accounted for 74.47％ (35/47).Conclusion The CT can qualitatively diagnose hepatic echinococcosis in children.It is a reliable method of examination.
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Objective@#To investigate the feasibility of contrast-enhanced computer tomography (CT) texture analysis in predicting early recurrence after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with liver cancer.@*Methods@#A retrospective analysis was performed for 47 patients with liver cancer confirmed by liver biopsy and digital subtraction angiography who underwent upper abdominal contrast-enhanced CT scan before TACE, and according to the presence or absence of focal recurrence within half a year, these patients were divided into early recurrence (ER) group and non-early recurrence (NER) group. The texture analysis was used to delineate tumor boundary layer by layer on the axial contrast-enhanced CT image before liver cancer surgery, and related parameters of tumor heterogeneity, including entropy, mean, non-uniformity, skewness, and kurtosis, were obtained. The independent samples t-test was used for comparison of texture parameters between the two groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used for the analysis of entropy, mean, and non-uniformity, and the area under the ROC curve (ROC), optical cut-off value, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated to evaluate the efficiency of texture analysis in predicting early focal recurrence after TACE.@*Results@#There were 20 patients in the ER group and 27 in the NER group. The ER group had a maximum major axis length of 88.2±36.3 mm and a maximum minor axis length of 41.4±21.4 mm, and the NER group had a maximum major axis length of 66.9±30.2 mm and a maximum minor axis length of 29.3±19.8 mm; the ER group had significantly higher maximum major and minor axis lengths than the NER group (t = 4.89 and 4.62, P < 0.001). The ER group had significantly higher entropy and non-uniformity values than the NER group, and there were no significant differences in skewness and kurtosis between the two groups. Entropy, non-uniformity, and mean had high efficiency in predicting early recurrence after TACE, and the optimal cut-off value of entropy was 4.135.@*Conclusion@#Volumetric texture analysis of contrast-enhanced CT images before liver cancer surgery has a high value in predicting early recurrence after TACE.
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Objective To develop a HPLC-fluorescence method to determine levofloxacin concentration in plasma for studying bioequivalence of levofloxacin hydrochloride tablet in Chinese healthy volunteers .Methods A single-dose of 0 .2 g test or reference preparation was given to 24 healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover study .The concentrations of levofloxacin at different time points were determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection .The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAS 2 .0 software program .Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the test and reference preparation ,t 1/2 、tmax 、ρmax 、AUC0-36 and AUC0-inf ,were respectively (6 .71 ± 0 .95) h and (6 .60 ± 1 .00) h ,(0 .85 ± 0 .30) h and (0 .79 ± 0 .28) h , (2 815 .48 ± 513 .04 ) ng/ml and (3 185 .59 ± 674 .29 ) ng/ml ,(17 157 .61 ± 1 949 .07 ) ng · h/ml and (17 425 .06 ± 2 447 .80) ng · h/ml ,(18 324 .52 ± 2 019 .41) ng · h/ml and (18 540 .41 ± 2 523 .08) ng · h/ml .The statistical analysis showed that the main pharmacokinetic parameters between test and reference preparations were no significant differences .The 90% confidence interval of test and reference preparations AUC 0-36 、AUC0-inf and ρmax were 95 .2% ~102 .5% 、96 .1% ~102 .2%and 82 .8% ~94.9% .Conclusion The test and reference preparations were bioequivalent .
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Objective To study the generation of metallo-β-lactamase(MBLs) and its related gene carrying situation in the clini-cal isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa .Methods Ceftazidime and imipenem were adopted to preliminarily screen MBLs of Pseudo-monas aeruginosa .The phenotypic confirmatory of imipenem-resistant and ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was per-formed by using 2-mercaptopropionic acid (2-MPA) or EDTA synergy test and the MBLs genotypes of the positive strains in the preliminary screen were detected by PCR .Results The positive rate of the MBLs preliminary screen test in multi-resistant strains was 10 .9% ,and the positive rate of the MBLs in multi-resistant strains detected by CAZ/EDTA ,CAZ/2-MPA ,IMP/EDTA and IMP/2-MPA was 7 .5% ,7 .9% ,8 .8% and 9 .5% respectively .The positive rates of ipm1 and vim gene by PCR were 10 .4% and 8 .3% respectively .The strains with positive spm ,sim1 and gim were not found .Conclusion The MBLs test results detected by different methods are different ;MBLs genes carying ipm1 and vim are the main reason for carbapenem-resistant multi-drug resist-ant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the hospital .
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Objective To explore the influence of the combination therapy of probucol with atorvastatin on levels of serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL), and marix metallopro? teinase-9 (MMP-9) and resolution of carotid plaque in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Methods One hun? dred-six patients with acute cerebral infarction who had carotid artery color Doppler ultrasound-confirmed atherosclerot? ic plaques , were included in the present study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: conventional treat? ment group ( 40 cases) which received atorvastatin (20mg/d) and co-treatment group (40 cases) which received Atorvas? tatin (20mg/d) and Probucol (500mg/d). Levels of hs-CRP, ox-LDL and MMP-9 were detected in all patients before treat? ment and 1, 6 and 12 months after drug therapy. The Intima-media thickness, area and numbers of carotid plaques were evaluated by using Doppler ultrasonography during a 12 months follow-up period. Results ① Serum hs-CRP and MMP-9 levels were significantly decreased at 1, 6 and 12 months after treatment, (conventional treatment group:t =14.662, 23.586, 28.179 and co-treatment group:t =47.023, 50.239, 50.774,P 0.05) at 1, 6 and 12 months after treatment. Serum hs-CRP, ox-LDL and MMP-9 levels were significantly lower in com? bined treatment group than in the conventional treatment group at all time points after treatment (t =7.655, 5.271, 2.492, t =4.927, 3.772, 4.673 andt =16.862, 4.251, 2.045.P 0.05). The IMT, plaque area and plaque numbers were significantly smaller in combined treatment group than in conventional treatment group (t =6.117, 3.290, 2.158,P <0.05). Conclusions The combination therapy of probucol with atorvastatin can greatly reduce levels of serunl hs-CRP,ox-LDL and MMP-9, indicating that the combination therapy has a strong anti-oxidant function, thereby reversing and stabilizing the atherosclerosis plaque.
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Objective To investigate the effect of systematic training on the enhancement of knowledge and behavior on tumor-free technology among newly-employed nurses in operation room.Methods Fifteen nurses newly-employed for the operating room of the Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College were trained with theory teaching,techniques training and nursing rounds. The test on non-tumor knowledge and questionnaire on beliefs and behaviors were used to assess the post-training effects.Result The scores on tumor-free knowledge,beliefs and tumor-free behaviors were all significantly improved compared with pre-training (P<0.01). Conclusion Systematic training of tumor-free technology may improve the mastery of tumor-free knowledge and skills and thus form a good tumor-free concept so that they can keep tumor-free techonology in practice.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between I405 single nucleotide polymorphism in CETP gene and the therapeutic effect of simvastatin in dyslipidemia patients.Methods Genotype information of I405V in CETP gene was detected by SNaPshot TM primer extension assay in 375 dyslipidemia patients.Blood lipid profiles before and 6 weeks after treatment with simvastatin were recorded to analyze the correlation between the therapeutic effect of simvastatin and I405 polymorphism genostype.Results The frequency of I405 V polymorphism was 38.9%in II genotype,48.5% in IV genotype and 12.5%in VV genotype.After being treated with simvastatin for 6 weeks,the serum levels of TC were significantly decreased by 1.21 mmol/L(P <0.01)and HDL-C level was significantly increased by 0.74 mmol/L(P <0.01).Compared with the IV and VV genotypes of I405V polymorphism,the decrease of TC in II genotype patients were 0.26 mmol/L and 0.16 mmol/L more respectively (P<0.01).Meanwhile,the increase of HDL-C was significantly different among three genotypes(P<0.01).HDL-C in II genotype was increased by 0.85 mmol/L,which was 0.19 mmol/L and 0.15 mmol/L more compared with IV genotype and VV genotype,respectively.Conclusion I405V polymorphism in CETP gene is similar with the lipid-regulating effect of simvastatin.The decrease of blood lipid is more significant in patients with II genotype compared with patients with V allele,suggesting that II genotype is the maker which may predict the therapeutic effect of simvastatin in dyslipidemia patients.However,this conclusion still needs further evaluation.
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BACKGROUND:It is vital to choose the appropriate carrier with low toxicity and high gene transfection efficiency in gene therapy, which is harmless to human body and environment. OBJECTIVE: To prepare superparamagnetic Fe3O4/SiO2-polyethyleneimine (PEI) composite particles. METHODS: Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared via an emulsion solvent evaporation method and superparamagnetic Fe3O4/SiO2 core shel microspheres were prepared successfuly subsequently via a modified stober method. The microspheres were further modified with PEI to obtain superparamagnetic Fe3O4/SiO2-PEI composite particles. The structures and properties of resultant composite particles microspheres were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential and vibrating sample magnetometer. Superparamagnetic Fe3O4/SiO2-PEI composite particles were mixed with plasmid DNA at different mass ratios (29∶1, 39∶1, 49∶1, 59∶1, 68∶1, 78∶1, 88∶1). Thein vitro gene transfection ability was evaluated by Hela cels with the transfection of plasmid DNA encoded with green fluorescent protein and the transfection efficiency was determined by confocal fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We successfuly synthesized the Fe3O4/SiO2-PEI composite particles with good dispersibility and even size distribution (about 100 nm). The surface charge was 21.07 mV, and the saturation magnetization was 28.05 emu/g that meant superparamagnetism. When the mass ratio was 59∶1, al the plasmid DNA was adherent to the Fe3O4/SiO2-PEI composite particles; when the mass ratio was > 59∶1, there were excessive Fe3O4/SiO2-PEI composite particles. Therefore, the mass ratio of 59:1 could lead to a better outcome for HeLa celltransfection. These results indicate that the Fe3O4/SiO2-PEI composite particles can dramaticaly improve the transfection efficiency of plasmid DNA compared with PEI.
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To investigate the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11) in rats and the tissue distribution of CPT-11 in mice after injection of irinotecan hydrochloride nanoparticles (CPT-11 NPs) via tail veins, separately, a LC-MS/MS method was established to determine the concentration of CPT-11 in whole blood of rats and in different tissues of mice. The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of CPT-11 were compared after the intravenous injection of CPT-11 NPs and CPT-11 solution. Compared with CPT-11 solution, the elimination half-life of CPT-11 was prolonged from 2.28 h to 3.95 h after the intravenous injection of CPT-11 NPs, and its AUC was 1.47 times than that of CPT-11 solution. After the injection of CPT-11 NPs in mice, the concentrations of CPT-11 loaded in CPT-11 NPs were significantly higher in the whole blood, colon and lungs than those in CPT-11 solution, but lower in the spleen, liver, kidney and heart, but the least in brain. CPT-11 NPs could improve CPT-11 's AUC, and help CPT-11 to reach long circulation activity.
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Objective To estimate the incentive and guidance of degree policy for the doctoral student's capacity-building. Methods Totally 1185 published SCI papers completed by 1 013 doc-toral students from 2008 to 2012 in Capital Medical University were filed and impact factors of these SCI journals taken as analysis objects were organized using Microsoft Office Excellsoftware. ANOVA was used for data procession and t-test was used for statistical analysis. P<0.05 signifies statistically significant difference. Results This study showed that 97%doctoral students can complete SCI paper publication in compliance with requirements of doctoral degree policy. Quality of SCI papers of aca-demic degree PhDs was higher than that of professional degree PhDs(P=0.00). Level of SCI papers of PhDs in basic disciplines was higher than that of PhDs in clinical disciplines (P=0.00). In addition, this study found that higher leveled SCI papers originated primarily from the national key disciplines and co-first authors. Conclusions The appropriate degree policies play an important guiding role in enhancing the quality of doctoral students' education. Degree-granting units should make more specific guidance policies according to different types of disciplines and cultures, such as raising published arti-cle requirements to the clinical professional PhDs, improving and standardizing relevant degree poli-cies about SCI papers published by co-first authors, strengthening disciplinary conditions building, etc.
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A total of 192 poststroke patients with depression and anxiety were assigned randomly into study group (n =96) and control group (n =96).The study group received both capsules Shugan-jieyu and paroxetine while the control group paroxetine alone.Compared with the control group,scores of both Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) were significantly different at the end of week 2 and 6 in the study group (P ＜ 0.05).The HAMD and HAMA deduction rate and the scores of mangled extremity severity,mini-mental state examination and modified Barthel index at the end of week 6 of the study group were better than those of the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The combined use of capsules Shugan-jieyu and paroxetine could improve symptoms of depression and anxiety,offer a higher safety and accelerate the rehabilitation of extremity function.